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The heart muscle Buy Lovastatin Online suffers indirectly, by the low blood pressure and
asphyxia (hence danger in cardiac insufficiency, especially when com-
bined with dyspnea). Ordinarily the circulation remains fairly good,
until death occurs by paralysis of respiration. Direct depression of the
heart is produced only when morphin, or especially its derivatives, are
perfused directly through the heart.
Hering, 1915, believes that the increased vagus tone resulting from Buy Red Yeast Rice With Lovastatin
large doses may indirectly produce ventricular automatism, or even
fibrillation, especially in pathologic hearts tending in that direction.
Vagus Center Order Lovastatin and Cardiac Conduction. Dogs show the same phenomena in more
marked degree. The preliminary acceleration is due to nausea. The typical slowing
does not occur after section of the vagi, and is therefore central. It occurs with very
small doses, increases with larger doses, Generic Lovastatin and passes into arythmia (van Egmond, 1911;
Anderes, 1913). Electrocardiograms also show central vagus stimulation (Einthoven;
Cohn, 1913); and sinus-auricular and auriculo-ventricular heart-block, separate or com-
bined, removable by atropin (Eyster and Meek, 1912, 1913). The reflex excitability
of the vagus center is also increased (Jackson and Ewing, 1914).
The effect on the pulse rate is inconstant in cats, absent in rabbits (Egmond).
Anderes found constant slowing in rabbits, the vagus stimulation being partly central,
partly peripheral through decrease of the negative thoracic pressure.
Cardiac Muscle. On the Langendorff excised mammalian heart, morphin and all its
derivatives first increase the rate and amplitude; this is followed by decrease, and finally
systolic standstill (Vinci, 1907). The rate of the perfused, atropinized frog's heart is
quickened by dilute, slowed by more concentrated solutions of all the papaveraceous
alkaloids; morphin being the least deleterious (Hale, 1909). Lippens, 1908, found
peronin highly toxic for the turtle's heart. Narcotin is the most toxic of the opium
alkaloids, for the heart (Macht, 1915). Papaverin lowers the cardiac tone (Pal);
this is followed by considerable tachycardia (Renon Purchase Lovastatin Online and Desbouis, 1914).
Cardiac Ganglia. These show degenerative histologic lesions, similar to those of
alcohol or chloroform (Lissauer, 1914).
Coronary Circulation. This is quickened, by dilation of the coronary vessels, by
most of the opium alkaloids. The action is most marked with narcotin and papaverin,
slight with morphin, very slight with codein, heroin or pantopium, and absent with
narcein and thebain (Macht, 1915).
Vasomotor Effects. These have not been satisfactorily investigated. Gscheidlen,
1869, found that the center is not completely paralyzed even in advanced poisoning;
stimulation of the spinal cord still gives a rise. The venous pressure is not changed by
moderate doses, slightly Purchase Lovastatin lowered by toxic doses, indicating vasodilation (Capps and
Matthews, 1913).
Cerebral Circulation. The effects are small and inconstant with ordinary doses.
Huerthle, 1889, found sometimes an increase, sometimes a decrease, of the flow. Alip-
randi, 1905, describes a brief constriction, followed by lasting dilation. Frankfurther
and Hirschfeld, Buy Cheap Lovastatin 1910, describe an initial increase of brain volume, followed by decrease,
the latter probably due to the fall in general blood pressure.
Circulation of the Skin; Diaphoretic Action. The cutaneous vessels are
specifically dilated (through the vasomotor center) even by small doses.
The skin What Is Lovastatin is reddened, warm, and the perspiration increased. This ac-
tion is utilized, in the form of Dover's powder (Pulvis Ipecac et Opii,
0.5 Gm. at night) for the "abortion" of colds. In susceptible individuals,
THE MORPHIN GROUP
223
the cutaneous dilation may give rise to exanthemata. With toxic doses
the skin becomes pale (vasodilation of the splanchnic area), and cyanotic
(asphyxia).
Other Poisons which may Produce Erythema on Systemic Administra-
tion are: atropin, quinin, chloral, veronal, benzol derivatives (antipyrin,
atophan, salicylates, aspirin, etc.) iodids, bromids, sera, etc.
W heals. The local application of solutions of morphin or any of its esters to the Lovastatin Online
scarified skin results in the production of an urticarial wheal. Similar wheals are pro-
duced by histamin, peptone, emetin, and calcium chlorid (Sollmann and Pilcher).
Effect on Pupils. In man Order Lovastatin Online (not in animals) even small, scarcely anal-
gesic doses constrict the pupils. The miosis is due to a stronger con-
strictor (oculomotor) tone; for it disappears when the oculomotor endings
are paralyzed by atropin; whilst it is scarcely affected by cocain, which
stimulates the sympathetic endings. The action is central, for it is not
produced by local application. It has been suggested that morphin de-
presses the inhibitory impulses Cheap Lovastatin which normally keep the oculomotor tone
in abeyance (Meyer and Gottlieb). There is a fairly lasting rise of intra-
ocular pressure (Myashita, 1913). Ethyl-morphin produces a shorter
rise.
The oculomotor center (pupillo-constrictor) appears to be normally in a state of partial
inhibition through a variety of sensory impulses. When these are diminished as by
sleep, narcosis, and in a specific manner by morphin the oculomotor tone increases,
and the pupils contract. When the inhibitory impulses are reinforced as by emotion,
electric stimulation of the cerebral cortex, asphyxia, etc. the oculomotor tone is
diminished, and the pupils dilate. That this type of mydriasis is not due to stimulation
of the sympathetic (dilator) center, is shown by the fact that it occurs after division of
the cervical sympathetic nerve (Braunstein, 1894).
Pupil Changes in Animals. In cats, the pupils are dilated, in conformity with the
general excitement. In dogs, the effect is variable, but Buy Lovastatin generally dilator.
Conjunctiva} Reaction to Ethylmorphin (Dionin). The direct applica-
tion of a i to 5 per cent, solution or ointment produces burning pain,
hyperemia, and acute edema of the lids and conjunctiva, which disappears
without any ill effects. This reaction is used in ophthalmology for the
removal of old inflammatory products.
The edema, which is ascribed to vascular congestion, appears in a few minutes and
lasts for several hours. There is also some more persistent local anesthesia. The pupils
are at first constricted, and the intraocular tension is raised (Toczyski, 1912). The
edema does not occur in rabbits, but readily in dogs or cats (Axenfeld, 1905).
Benzoly-morphin (peronin) is said to act in the same way; but the effect does not
occur with morphin, codein, heroin, or any of the natural opium alkaloids.
Spinal Cord. Morphin and all the members of the group increase
the spinal reflexes.
Large doses, in frogs, produce convulsions which are indistinguishable
from those caused by strychnin. Mammals generally die from the res-
piratory depression before the convulsant stage can develop; but the
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